冠心病,全称冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病,是冠状动脉血管发生动脉粥样硬化病变而引起血管腔狭窄或阻塞,造成心肌缺血、缺氧或坏死而导致的心脏病。冠心病在美国和许多发达国家排在死亡原因的第一位。在我国,虽然冠心病发病率还没有西方国家那么高,但自上世纪90年代以来,呈显著上升趋势。估计当前我国每年冠心病相关死亡人数超过万。
Definition
Coronaryheartdisease(冠心病)isadiseaseinwhichawaxysubstance(蜡状物质)calledplaque(斑块)buildsupinsidethecoronaryarteries(冠状动脉).Thesearteriessupplyoxygen-richblood(富氧血)toyourheartmuscle.Whenplaquebuildsupinthearteries,theconditioniscalledatherosclerosis(动脉粥样硬化).
(Figure1:NarrowingofArtery)
Causes
Researchsuggeststhatcoronaryheartdiseasestartswhencertainfactorsdamagetheinnerlayersofthecoronaryarteries.Thesefactorsinclude:
Smoking
Highlevelsofcertainfatsandcholesterol(胆固醇)intheblood
Highbloodpressure(高血压)
Highlevelsofsugarinthebloodduetoinsulinresistance(胰岛素抵抗)ordiabetes(糖尿病)
Bloodvesselinflammation(血管炎)
SignsandSymptoms